Welcome to Asian Social and Applied Research Council (ASAR Council)
| S.No. | Title | Authors | Pages | Download |
| 1 | The Trends of Social Media Addiction In The Light of Secure and Insecure Relationship Patterns among University Students
The present study was conducted to explore the predictive role of secure and insecure relationship patterns in trends of social media addiction among university students of Karachi, Pakistan. It further aimed at substantiating the dynamics of social media addiction including occupation, relapse, mood modification and conflict among the participants. The data was collected from undergraduate students at government universities. Research data of 300 university students; 150 males and 150 females aged 18 to 24 years was gathered using socio demographic form, consent form, Relationship scale questionnaire and Social media addiction scale. Following hypothesis were formulated to meet the objective of the study 1) secure relationship pattern would determine the trends of social media addiction among university students, 2) Insecure relationship patterns would determine the trends of social media addiction among university students. Linear regression analysis predicted significant association between trends of social media addiction (relapse, occupation, mood modification and conflict) and secure and insecure relationship patterns among university students. The findings concluded secure and insecure relationship patterns to have significant predictive relationship with social media addiction that was further elaborated in the form of relapse, occupation, mood modification and conflict among university students of Karachi Pakistan.
Keywords: Social Media Addiction, Secure and Insecure Relationship Patterns, University Students.
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RUTABA KHAN, HINA HAMEED and HINA AYAZ | 1-10 | Download(618) |
| 2 | Relationship between Facebook Use and Online Infidelity among Adults: Role of Marital Quality
The basic purpose of the present research was to examine the association between facebook use and online infidelity among married adults. It was further intended to explore moderating role of marital quality. The study was conducted on convenient sample of (N = 200) adults in which gender has been given equal representation. The present study variables facebook use, online infidelity and marital quality were operationalized through standardized instruments such as Facebook Questionnaire (French, 2012), Internet Infidelity Questionnaire (IIQ; Nooripour, Abdi, Bakhshani, Alikhani, Hosseinian, & Ebrahim, 2017) and Marital Quality Scale (MQS; Shah, 1995) respectively. After ensuring the psychometric properties of the scale, correlation, regression, t test and moderation analysis was carried out. The correlation shows that the constructs of the present study were correlated in expected directions. The regression analysis shows facebook use as positive predictor of online infidelity. The independent t-test showed impact of gender on facebook use and online infidelity and it revealed significant impact on online infidelity. Furthermore, moderation analysis was run on variables and it showed significant impact of marital quality on other variables. Implications of the study along with its limitations were discussed and recommendations for further research were suggested.
Keywords: Facebook Use, Online Infidelity, Marital Quality.
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SADIA MALIK, ANEEZA BASHIR and MOBINA WAJAHAT | 11-20 | Download(602) |
| 3 | Fashion and Textile Pedagogy: The Most Common and Exciting Design Results
Fashion and textile design pedagogical training is relatively a new theoretical and research approach towards the betterment of the textile and fashion design education. As we have previously adopted very experimental approach in teaching textile and fashion and even appointing instructional systems. However, these particular fields required a certain background in different unique skills and practicebased techniques so it's more likely to have a better understanding of both academia and the industry. Moreover because of drastic alterations constantly surfacing in design pedagogy relating to ever growing number of students and unstable job market. Which most definitely requires a rigorous training to be able to cope with pressure and disappointment. So instead of relying on antiquated systems of learning It's better to upgrade the experience and knowledge regarding design. The gap between industry and design pedagogy requires a bridge of better learning and practice. In this research paper we will discuss the need for textile and fashion design learning and pedagogy. It will equip the instructors and curriculum designers with the suggestions for the improvement and better understanding of textile and fashion design learning.
Keywords: Design pedagogy, Fashion, Textile, Curriculum, Industry.
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BEENISH TAHIR | 21-25 | Download(639) |
| 4 | Exploring Domestic Violence through Focus Group Discussion Method in Rural Setting
This paper aims to explore domestic violence (DV) phenomenon in a village of Islamabad through focus group discussion. Focus group is one of those qualitative research methods which offers opportunities to all participants to participate and express and reflect upon their ideas openly even on social evils of the society. In this research, in total six focus group discussions were held with males, females and young boys. In total 48 participants took part in the discussions (eight in each group). Structured interview guideline was developed, however new questions emerged during the discussion. It is analyzed that domestic violence is prevalent in the studied area and women are mainly victims of the domestic violence. Reasons such as love marriages, joint family system, young age marriages, low-income status of women are some of the reasons of DV. Women are pressurized by the community - through jirga system - to come back, if they have left their home in response to DV. Overall, women are victimized as per their social status in Pakistani male dominant society. It is further argued that absence of police and other state institutions puts pressure on women to accept DV as part of their lives because there is a lack of provision of legal and medical services to women. Thus, women continue living in vulnerable situations.
Keywords: Islamabad, Domestic Violence, Focus Group Discussion, Victimization of Women, Lack of State’s Institutions.
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ASMA KHALID, SHAHERYAR NAVEED and SANA MUKARRAM | 26-37 | Download(605) |
| 5 | Textiles in the Pakistans Market: In Review of History and Change
This research is a documentation of the textile craft and textile design which is losing its magnificence with age and necessitates to be recognized in demand to preserve the history and heritage. The situation of these crafts and designs techniques is ambiguous and changing due to industrialization. The study includes the method and practice assessment of the collections of textiles present in various parts of the country. Historical relationships have been made as per requirement of the research. The research relates the comparisons and variation in layouts, methods, and visual preference of the present-day goods. The main objective of the research has been established by analysis of textile techniques practiced in various regions and their main creative textile styles. The textiles are analyzed and assessed on the techniques, history, and their applicability with present market. Due to the recent situation of pandemic, there is a need for several modes of sharing small business goods and products. These textile products should be exhibited online, and the country administration needs to acknowledge the craft industry. By making more opportunities for small businesses with digital seminars and portals through which the small unit owners, young researchers and experts can share knowledge, opinions, and concerns.
Keywords: Textile, Small Cottage Industry, Industrialization, Techniques, Textile Design.
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BEENISH TAHIR and RABIA SHAUKAT | 38-49 | Download(802) |
| 6 | Chamba Rumal Collection at Lahore Museum: A Spiritual Craft Chambā Rūmāl is a hand embroidered, cotton scarf or a cover shaped in square. Embroidery was used to decorate the both top and bottom sides of the textiles providing a du-rukha-dual sided appearance, having symmetrical, flower-patterned and allegorical patterns. Silk thread is used to accomplish the shine on the face of the design surface. The scene portrayed include different ideas from Hindu mythology from the 16th century-19th century A.D. In addition to the other embroideries of the combined former Punjab, are the chamba1 rūmāls2, meaning handkerchief, but which are very tiny shawls. They are adorned with topics from Indian ideological stories, pictures inspried from the Ramayana3 and Mahabharat4, the rāsā līla5 of Radha6 and Krishna as well as rāginīs7 and rāgās8 and Pahari miniature paintings, done in silk thread on tūssar9 textile or delicate cotton materials. This research is about the collection of the Lahore Museum focused on the Chambā Rūmāls. This will add to the analysis and discussion about the artefacts and their importance in history collective as South Asian Cultural products. Keywords: Chambā Rūmāl, Embroidery, du-rukha, Hindu mythology, Textile Museum.
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BEENISH TAHIR and RABIA SHAUKAT | 50-64 | Download(662) |
| 7 | Perceived Social Support, Internalized Stigmatization and Medication Adherence among Patients with Bipolar I Disorder
First objective of the study was to examine the relationship among perceived social support, internalized stigmatization, and medication adherence in Patients with Bipolar I Disorder (BP-I). Another objective of the study was to explore gender differences between these variables. Current study incorporated correlational research design. The sample consisted of 103 patients with BP-I disorder recruited from different hospitals in Lahore using purposive sampling technique. Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI), and General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS) were administered to the participants to collect data. Results illustrate that medication adherence was highly positively related with perceived social support (r = .65, n=103, p<0.0001) and negatively related with internalized stigmatization (r = -.30, n=103, p< 0.001). No significant gender differences were found in Bipolar I Disorder patients with regard to perceived social support, internalized stigmatization and medication adherence F (1, 101) = 1.30, p = .278. Present study emphasized the need for awareness campaigns for public regarding the significance of their support in their patient's treatment. Implications of the study included educational programs aimed at skills teaching to the patients to reduce their internalization of stigma. The importance of such programs to educate patients and their loved ones regarding the importance of both the social support and compliance with medication on the road to recovery has been highlighted. Moreover, the study outlined the need for further epidemiological research to explore the experiences and gender differences of patients with bipolar as well as other psychiatric disorders.
Keywords: Bipolar Disorder (BP), Bipolar I Disorder (BP-I), Perceived Social Support, Internalized Stigmatization, Medication Adherence, Psychoeducation, Public Awareness Campaigns.
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RAMEEN BABAR and SHAISTA JABEEN | 65-79 | Download(955) |
| 8 | Inclusive Education in Pakistan, Historical Contexts and Future Prospects
Inclusive Education has become one of the most important area of research in social science owing to its importance and wide ranging implications. Globally inclusive education is being practiced in most of the countries but its application is less visible in developing countries such as Pakistan. Therefore, the need to conduct research in the area of inclusive education in the Pakistani context is highly significant. The current study is an attempt to find out the Inclusive education in Pakistan, its contexts and future prospects. The study used existing literature review to see the context and current status of inclusive education in Pakistan. The study found that inclusive education is still an area to be discovered and explored in Pakistan. The urban areas of Pakistan have only a few centers offering the inclusive education but there is a lot more to be done in this regard.
Keywords: Inclusive Education, Pakistan, Exploratory Research.
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AHTASHAM JAN BUTT, REHAN SARWAR BHATTI and ARFAN LATIF | 80-95 | Download(1098) |
| 9 | Effect of University Students Mental Wellbeing on Academic Achievement and Generic Competence
The main goal of this research was to examine the effect of students’ mental wellbeing on university students’ academic achievement and generic Competence. All the Students of University of Sargodha were population of the study. Three departments from University of Sargodha were conveniently selected, i.e., Department of Psychology, Department of Statistics, Department of Communication and Media Studies as the sample of this study. Data were collected online through Google form. Due to the pandemic situation, universities only provided online teaching, learning, and examinations. The instruments adapted for this study were the mental wellbeing scale Fen et al., (2013) and Generic Competence scale Shah, (2009) and each participant’s self-reported CGPA. Data were analyzed using correlation, linear regression and multiple linear regressions by using SPSS v. 22. The study concluded that Students’ Mental Wellbeing in University Students’ Academic Achievement and Generic Competences were correlated. Furthermore, this study concluded that Students’ Mental Wellbeing have effect on University Students’ Academic Achievement and Generic Competences. In light of the findings, it was recommended that students’ academic achievement may be improved by focusing on their mental wellbeing and creating interesting and informative activities during teaching and learning process.
Keywords: Students, Achievements, Mental Wellbeing, Competence, Generic Competence.
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ZUNAIRA FATIMA SYEDA, ASHFAQUE AHMAD SHAH and ZAHIDA AZIZ | 96-105 | Download(558) |
| 10 | A Brief Introduction of Employee Green Creativity
Creativity in the field of going green is an emerging term. Pervious research have shown that environmental issues need to be addressed as an urgent matter. With the passage of time green creativity not only emerged as a creative tool but also has been termed as the best available option. The study first explains the concept of creativity and then links it up with green creativity. The study then follows the cost of going green and also explains different dimensions of green creativity. Initially green creativity has been studied at organizational level through leadership and social responsibility. However, individual values and participation have not been given due emphasize. Furthermore, the review paper explains the methodology and recommends actionable research. The different dimensions elaborate the effect of green creativity on future projects. The recommendations, give specific importance of individuals who will play key role in exercising green creativity and will form a ray of new idea that are reflected in green products, process and services.
Keywords: Creativity, Green Creativity, Going Green, Green Values, Leadership, Cost of Going Green.
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MARIAM SULTAN and SAJJAD HUSSAIN | 106-116 | Download(635) |
| 11 | Shelley on the Idea of Soul through Plato’s theory of Immortality of Soul
The present qualitative research seeks to comprehend the notion of human soul addressed in the poetry of Percy Bysshe Shelley. It primarily aims at interpreting the aforementioned notion along with providing an explanatory account of beliefs pertaining to it as reflected in the poetic contributions made by Shelley. The theoretical framework selected by researchers is, to substantiate the overall analysis and centers the theory of immortality of soul presented by Plato (trans. 1993) in his philosophical contribution Phaedo. The data has been analyzed through thematic analysis. The analytical tool pertaining to thematic analysis is based on Stirling’s (2001) approach which revolves around an understanding developed on the basis of global, organizing and basic themes reflected through textual content. Data has been collected from the specific work of the poet including Shelley’s Adonais (1913). On the basis of thematic analysis, it has been revealed the poet believes in the immortal nature of human soul. Shelley claims that human soul is an unchangeable and indestructible entity. It loves wisdom and manifests its true potentials after being liberated from the shackles of corporeal existence.
Keywords: Immortality of Soul, Adonais, Shelley, Human Soul.
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BAKHT BIBI, NEELAM MUNIR and ANILA PANEZAI | 117-132 | Download(664) |
| 12 | Exploiting the Natural Disasters: A Critical Analysis of Political Discourses
The aim of the research is to investigate how political leaders manipulate natural disasters and shape local coherence in a specific discourse on social media to achieve their political goals. The data have been collected from Twitter. The research is grounded on the theoretical framework of Van Dijk, that is, Ideological Square (1998) in critical discourse analysis and the Socio-cognitive Model (2006). The findings of this research indicate that political party representatives are very active on Twitter and do not miss a chance to manipulate even a natural disaster to demean rightists or the party in the government by employing specific discourse strategies by creating a binary between “US” Vs “THEM”. The ideologies of political parties are manipulated. They use social or natural disasters within no time to downplay the other political party.
Keywords: Natural Disasters, Local Coherence, CDA, Political Discourse, Social Media Discourse.
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AFSHAN SHAHZADI and SAADIA FATIMA | 133-143 | Download(640) |
| 13 | Mathematics and Mysticism
Apparently, Mathematics and Mysticism seem two entirely different disciplines. Mathematics deals with numbers and equations; Mysticism is a worldwide phenomenon in which mystics try to find, comprehend, and develop a relationship with God. In ancient Greek Philosophy, one can notice the blend of Mathematics and Mystic practices in the case of Pythagoras and his followers. Plato gave an excellent explanation of Mathematical numbers but the influence of Pythagoras on Plato cannot be denied. In the history of Philosophy, one can come across the terms like ‘Mathematical Mysticism.’ The first Indian Mathematician (Ramanujan) whose name was included in the Fellow of the Royal Society was also a man of extreme religious nature. During his stay at Trinity College Cambridge, England he did not give up his religious practices or meditation, etc. This article is basically an attempt to understand the relation between Mathematics and some kind of Mysticism.
Keywords: Mathematics, Mysticism, Pythagoreans, World of Forms, Analytic Statements, Universal, Incorrigible.
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MUHAMMAD JAWWAD and RIFFAT IQBAL | 144-149 | Download(712) |
| 14 | Durand Line Border Management and Socio-Economic Complexities along the Borderland
The issue of Pakistan-Afghanistan border management is laden with political and historical hitches. In line with the best practice of border control and changing economic future, the inhabitants of the Afghanistan-Pakistan frontier are going through a major change in their daily life practice. The withdrawal of the United States and NATO soldiers resulted in a shift in the administrative resolution and general stabilization, although Pakistan's immigration laws further restricted access to its boundary. Access is often difficult due to stringent standards just on the Pakistani side. The accumulation of Pakistan's border controls is so much more critical in curtailing people’s choices and mobility than it would be in controlling commodity flow. The complicated defence scenario seems to have had an impact on the economic well-being of frontier residents, military operations in erstwhile FATA, displacement of people, and currently, underway scepticism of the Afghan community have almost all contributed to a reduction in cross-border mobility in current history. Inhabitants including both nations are paying more for immigration, vital selling and domestic items, welfare and education, new enterprises and job prospects, preserving the community and personal links, and keeping possession of community assets such as property and lumbers split either by barrier. By limiting casual business, the disruption has damaged the existence of underprivileged local entrepreneurs. Low-paid workers and native logistics companies, and even a wide spectrum of migrant workers from Pakistan and Afghanistan, individuals from the area who pertain to a special status tribal cluster that has been once granted permission to them through the rahdari system, as well as the most sensitive community representatives, all follow the same pattern. This investigation aims to look at the socioeconomic challenges that arise as a result of stringent border protection. This study has suggested that imposing stricter rules at crucial crossings affects the surrounding residents' life, so considering these modifications within the frontier legislative framework will lead to initiatives that will credibly and sustainably strengthen development and survival prospects.
Keywords: Durand Line, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Border Management, Fencing, Borderland, Socio-Economic, NATO, US.
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SAIMA KHAN | 150-165 | Download(637) |
| 15 | Fostering Inclusive Education Competence in Mainstream Secondary School Teachers: An Intervention Study
Teachers' professional preparation for inclusive education has been a concern for many researchers, especially educational experts, for the last few decades. This paper is based on a similar discussion of bringing changes in mainstream secondary school teachers' pedagogical practices to transform them more inclusive and responsive to the needs of all, including those who have special educational needs in Pakistan. It reports the impact of interventions to modify teachers' beliefs, attitudes, and practices positively by removing their concerns about teaching students with special education. Teachers' responses were collected on a survey questionnaire before and after their participation in the training seminars to measure the difference in their perspectives on inclusive teaching and learning practices. Results revealed that interventions positively impact mainstream teachers' attitudes, understanding, and practices regarding inclusion. However, it could not positively impact decreasing teachers' concerns about implementing inclusive practices in mainstream classrooms. Study results are discussed for the practical implications for national efforts in order to promote inclusive education.
Keywords: Inclusive Education, Mainstream Teachers, Attitudes, Beliefs, Practices.
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IRUM ANDLEEB, ZAHID MAJEED and MALIK GHULAM BEHLOL | 166-180 | Download(643) |
| 16 | Effects of Green Finance on Financial Performance of Islamic Banks
Anthropogenic global warming has emerged as a major concern for financial firms and investors in the 21st millennium. As a reaction, financial institutions provide green financing to enterprises to tackle climate change and ameliorate this problem. The accessibility of greener financing, on the other hand, remains a significant issue. Our research investigates the performance of Islamic banks to see how much the financing gap might be reduced. Green financing statistics covering the years 2014-2020 were obtained from three prominent Islamic banks in Pakistan in a panel layout catalog. For data analysis, researchers used a two-stage Least Square Regression Analysis. Investing in green finance is much less risky than investing in conventional finance. Green finance appears to have a satisfactory effect on Islamic banks' performance, according to the findings. According to the Islamic Modes of Financing, Islamic banks must invest more in green initiatives. This article adds to the body of knowledge about how to optimally support green initiatives for financial institutions.
Keywords: Green Finance, Islamic, Banks, Financial Performance.
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MUHAMMAD IRFAN, ANJUM IHSAN and SHAHID JAN | 181-194 | Download(687) |
| 17 | Students Perception of the Role of Instrumental Motivation in Learning English as a Second Language at University Level
The present study aims to analyze students’ perception of the role of instrumental motivation in learning English as a second language at university level. The main purpose of the research study is to find the role of instrumental motivation in learning English as second language. It has addressed the students’ perception of the role of instrumental motivation in learning English as a second language at BUITEMS Quetta. The sampling technique employed for the present study, is simple random kind of sampling. Qualitative mode of inquiry has been used to address the research objective through unstructured, open ended interviews. The theoretical framework preferred by the researcher is specific to Dornyei & Otto (2005) Model of L2 motivation. The overall procedural details seek to address the main area of problem in a systematic manner. Thematic analysis has been used by the researcher for analyzing the content collected as a result of open ended informal interviews and the analytical tool employed for thematic analysis pertained to Braun and Clarke’s (2006) approach to thematic analysis. The overall data was thereon presented in a sequential order. The findings revealed that the students consider the role of instrumental motivation highly significant in regard to learning English as second language. Keeping in view the findings of the present study, research of the kind in future can address the other types of factors affecting the role of motivation and their significance in different modes of learning English as a
second language.
Keywords: Instrumental, Motivation, Role, Factors, English.
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BAKHT BIBI | 195-209 | Download(584) |
| 18 | Influence of Vocational Art and Design Education in GilgitBaltistan: The Graduates' Perceptions
Despite various political declarations and continued efforts, little progress has been made to improve rural education in the global south over the last few decades. Many government, non-government, and private sector groups have developed new educational possibilities to enhance access to education. Multiple inequities along with regional, economic, inter-generational, intra-generational, and gendered boundaries define this academic and educational growth. Some portions of the Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) province in Northern Pakistan are outliers in this regard. Investigating the instructive example of a successful educational expansion revealed key assisting aspects. Adopting a qualitative research design, an online focus group was conducted with five STEP Institute of Art Design & Management alumni. The participants were affiliated with the five different sectors of Art & Design Education, including interior, fashion, textile, graphic, and architecture design. The perspectives of these GB graduates assisted in finding the main reasons for creating the impact of Art & Design Vocational Education in GB. Despite increased recognition and discourse about Art & Design Education in the GB province, educational research has not paid enough attention to the methods through which Art & Design Education affects regional development through participating in improvement activities. The various educational opportunities in the face of income and job generation benefit many households, yet there remains a group of poor and marginalized people.
Keywords: Art & Design Education, Vocational Art & Design Education, Vocational Education, Alumni, STEP, Gilgit-Baltistan.
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GOUHAR PIRZADA, YAAR MUHAMMAD, YAAR MUHAMMAD | 210-222 | Download(580) |
| 19 | Elementary School Teachers' Lived Experiences in Online Teaching during Covid-19 Pandemic
Despite various political declarations and continued efforts, little progress has been made to improve rural education in the global south over the last few decades. Many government, non-government, and private sector groups have developed new educational possibilities to enhance access to education. Multiple inequities along with regional, economic, inter-generational, intra-generational, and gendered boundaries define this academic and educational growth. Some portions of the Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) province in Northern Pakistan are outliers in this regard. Investigating the instructive example of a successful educational expansion revealed key assisting aspects. Adopting a qualitative research design, an online focus group was conducted with five STEP Institute of Art Design & Management alumni. The participants were affiliated with the five different sectors of Art & Design Education, including interior, fashion, textile, graphic, and architecture design. The perspectives of these GB graduates assisted in finding the main reasons for creating the impact of Art & Design Vocational Education in GB. Despite increased recognition and discourse about Art & Design Education in the GB province, educational research has not paid enough attention to the methods through which Art & Design Education affects regional development through participating in improvement activities. The various educational opportunities in the face of income and job generation benefit many households, yet there remains a group of poor and marginalized people.
Keywords: Qualitative research design; Teacher's perspectives; Phenomenological study; Online teaching; COVID 19.
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AYESHA ARSHAD, Dr. YAAR MUHAMMAD, Dr. YASIRA WAQAR | 223-233 | Download(591) |
| 20 | Assessing Prisons in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa including Newly Merged Districts: Facilities, Hurdles and Way forward
Prison system rendering its services world widely to decrease the recidivism rate and to keep the society safe from the hardened offenders. It also aims to rehab the offenders by providing them correctional programs like vocational skills, education, counselling to build their personality so they can contribute productively in the society, but accomplishing the desired objectives especially for the underdeveloped countries have become idealistic and Pakistan is not an exception in this regard. This research work is restricted to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa prisons including sub jails of newly merged districts in order to evaluate the living conditions of the prisoners and to identify issues of staff in the pursuance of their service. To fulfill the desired objectives formal approval was taken from the IG Prisons and message was circulated to all the 13 prisons which include 5 central prisons and 8 sub jails of NMDs covered in this study by the deputy director prisons to allow the researcher to take interviews. Data was collected from 01 respondent of each prison belong to the executive branch of the prison staff through purposive sampling technique. Interview guide was adopted as a data collection tool. It was found that there is no capacity for female prisoners and juveniles in the sub jails of tribal districts due to lack of space, female staff and security and they are shifted to the nearest central prison for confinement. There was lack of medical officers, psychologists and eventually patients were checked by pharmacy technician which was a sort of formality. Other challenges include poor hygienic conditions; lack of recreational activities; no regular school classes and teacher. In addition, prison staff were also facing multifarious problems which includes but not restricted to lack of proper living facilities as most of the staff was non-locals so they had one room in sub jails which was their office as well as kitchen and bed room. They don’t have cook and were living in a very unhygienic environment. They have posting issues and were far away from their native town. Lastly, training academy at Haripur prison is at the verge of its functioning, but still government shall allocate the budget for the academy to equip it with the trainers, tool and resources in order to provide professional training to the prison staff to improve their service delivery.
Keywords: Prison System, Prisoners, Newly Merged Districts, Training Academy, Lack of Resources, Correctional Programmes.
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SYED AIZAZ ALI SHAH, BASHARAT HUSSAIN and MUHAMMAD IBRAR | 234-248 | Download(1471) |
| 21 | A Criminological Study of Honor-Related Crimes in Interior Sindh, Pakistan
The current qualitative study designed to highlight the causes of honor related crimes and to identify the most common honor crimes committed against women in interior Sindh, Pakistan. The following study included case studies of 03 female victims of honor crimes that were chosen by random sampling method and the data was obtained from Darul Aman and different Police stations of interior Sindh. The data identified various causes of honor crimes, including illiteracy, informal tribal justice system, lack of family support for victims, false accusations against women with illicit relationships, property, settling revenge and family feuds. Moreover, the data revealed that honor killing, domestic violence, sexual assault, forced marriage, and the selling of women were the most prevalent related crimes against women in Sindh. The research also recommends practical guidance to curtail honor-related crimes, such as educating women about their rights and raising awareness, prohibiting Jirga or private justice institutions, as these tend to support honor killings, and the government repealing the law of forgiveness and compensation, which allows murderers to exploit the law.
Keywords: Honor crimes, Victims, Karo Kari, Jirga system, Tribal court, Darul Aman, Case study, Feudal Lords.
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TANIYA AHMED, NABI BAKHSH NAREJO and ALI SHER JAWED KHUWAJA | 249-256 | Download(574) |
| 22 | Impact of Glass Ceiling on Employee Performance with the Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership: A Case of Banking Sector of Pakistan
The progression of women in banking sector of Pakistan is adversely affected by the glass ceiling phenomenon. This research paper intends to explore the existence of glass ceiling concept in banking sector of Pakistan. The moderating role of transformational leadership has also been examined to explore its impact over employee performance that is affected by the existence of glass ceiling. The study is qualitative in nature. However, the quantitative measures have been used to derive the conclusion based upon three major variables that were operationalized. The results indicate a significant negative correlation between glass ceiling and employee performance. Additionally, the role of transformational leadership is indicating a positive impact over the employee performance. Overall, these results indicate that supportive leadership can change the negative impact of glass ceiling and can introduce positive employee performance. The study can be further evolved in empirical directions for further analysis and recommendations.
Keywords: Glass Ceiling, Employee Performance, Banking Sector, Transformational Leadership.
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MOBASHIRA ALVI | 257-268 | Download(588) |
| 23 | Perception of Stakeholders Regarding the Integration of Peace Education Curriculum at Higher Secondary School Level in Pakistan
School curriculum performs a vital role in strengthening the conceptual understanding of peace in school adolescents. It’s important to evaluate the strength and weakness of school curriculum to incorporate the further strategies to enhance the vision of peace in the adolescents. Keeping in view the emerging violent attitude in the school adolescents, its need of the day to evaluate the school curriculum regarding the curriculum approach about peace teachings. Therefore, keeping in view existing situation of peace in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, its urgent need to evaluate the school curriculum contributions regarding the conceptual understanding of peace in school adolescents (Mahmood, 2010). For this purpose, it is also important to evaluate the school curriculum to explore the further needs and challenges for peacebuilding in the adolescents as well (Hamid, 2011). Therefore, the researcher decided to conduct this study. The purpose of this study was to perception of stakeholders regarding the integration of peace education curriculum at higher secondary school level in Pakistan. It was quantitative study. 284 secondary school teachers and 15 curriculum developers at HSSC level. The sample size of the study consisted of 284 secondary school teachers and 15 curriculum developers at HSSC level. Simple random sampling technique was used in the selection of sample of the study. Selfmade questionnaire was used as research tools in this study. Data were analyzed with the help of SPSS (Version, 24). Percentage, frequency, mean score, standard deviation, and chi-square were used as a statistical tools. The study further recommends that the long-term and short-term goals of the Peace Education Program for peacebuilding environments in schools should be clear from the start to facilitate learning outcomes. Moreover, the government, through the Ministry of Education, needs to make a mechanism for assessing a culture of peacebuilding in schools. Further, the present study may serve as an indication of the need to introduce peace education as a subject in the school curricula of schools in Pakistan.
Keywords: Peace Education, Curriculum, Higher Secondary School Level, Integration.
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GHULAM SUGHRA, SUFI AMIN and RAHILA ANJUM | 269-279 | Download(587) |
| 24 | Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviour and Employees Innovative Work Behaviour: Mediating Role of Felt Gratitude toward Supervisor
The aim of this study was to examine the role of family supportive supervisors’ behaviours on employees’ innovative work behaviours along with the mediating role of felt gratitude toward supervisor. Using a two-wave time lagged study, data were collected from healthcare sector employees. The findings suggested that family supportive supervisor behaviour is positively related to felt gratitude toward supervisor which in turn was positively related to employees’ innovative work behaviours. The study further provides implications to the managers and research scholars in many ways.
Keywords: Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviours (FSSB), Innovative Work Behaviours (IWB), Gratitude toward Supervisor, Leadership.
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TARIQ JAMIL and NADEEM AHMED AWAN | 277-290 | Download(603) |
| 25 | Assessing Students Readiness for Adopting Blended Learning at Higher Education Institutions
This study aimed to investigate the perception, awareness, practices, and challenges that affect students' readiness to adopt blended learning at Islamabad universities. A quantitative study was used in this research. The total population of students consisted of 32038 bachelor's and master's programs enrolled in Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) and Master of Education (M.Ed.) programs enrolled in the universities of Islamabad. A stratified proportionate sampling technique was used to select a sample of 435 students at the selected universities by using the "Rule of Thumb" by John Curry. The researcher developed a closed-ended questionnaire to collect data from the sample of respondents. To understand students' perceptions, challenges, and awareness of blended learning, the data were then analyzed using the mean score, values of t-test, and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) by using SPSS. The results of the study showed no significant difference. There was a significant correlation between students' awareness and Practices. It was recommended that to promote a blended learning awareness at higher education institutions among students, more blended programs need to be offered. For the effective use of a blended learning approach, students and teachers may be given a training program for promoting educational and technological knowledge as well as capacities among learners.
Keywords: Blended Learning, Higher Education Institutions, Readiness, Perceptions, Challenges, Facilities.
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FATIMA MUHAMMAD QASSIM, N. B. JUMANI and SAMINA MALIK | 291-302 | Download(624) |
| 26 | Exploration of Cognitive Problems of Students Related to Order, Addition, and Multiplication of Matrices by Facet Method
Mathematics is an important discipline of study. Students mostly faced problems in understanding mathematical concepts. There are many reasons behind these problems. Many methods and techniques have been used to find the nature of the difficulties faced by students. The cognitive diagnostic assessment is a relatively new method of formative evaluation. The present study was aimed at finding the cognitive problems of students in some topics of matrices like “Order of Matrices, Addition and Multiplication of Matrices” by using a new method called the facet method. For that purpose, Grade 9 students of the district Rawalpindi were selected as a sample. The test was developed and administered by the researcher. Data were analyzed by using a rubric made by the researcher and tabulated in percentages. The findings of the study revealed that students faced cognitive problems at the knowing, applying, and reasoning levels about the order of matrices, addition, and multiplication of matrices. On the basis of the findings, it was concluded that serious attention should be given to the cognitive problems of the students. Since one mathematical concept is related to the other. Based on findings it was recommended that detailed investigations may be required to dig out the causes of the cognitive problems of students in certain topics of matrices like “The order of matrices, addition, and multiplication of matrices.
Keywords: The cognitive Diagnostic assessment, Facet Method, Order of Matrices, Addition and Multiplication of Matrices.
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TABASSUM SALEEM and SHAMSHA AZIZ | 303-320 | Download(572) |
| 27 | An Investigation of Signature Pedagogy for Teaching of English
Signature pedagogy is a specific way of teaching that prepares students for a particular profession, turning novices into professionals. Deep structure, one among three dimensions of signature pedagogy, requires a practitioner to have knowledge about his/her intended profession. The present study was designed to investigate a signature pedagogy for Teaching of English by measuring the impact of interactive teaching approach on deep structure of the prospective teachers as EFL teacher. In this regard, two interactive approaches- Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and Task-Base Teaching Language (TBLT) were selected for the experiment as both the approaches had the features of signature pedagogy which were routine, active role, risk taking and excitement. The pre-test post-test two treatment design was opted for this experimental research. From the population of 400 prospective teachers of B.Ed (Hons) program, enrolled in Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University, Balochistan, the sample of 120 prospective teachers was randomly selected. The three homogenous groups of 40 participants were achieved, based on pre-test score. Achievement test was conducted to measure deep structure of the participants, focusing on indicators of National Professional Standards of Pakistan (2009), set for knowledge of EFL teacher. Paired sample t-test and ANOVA were computed to measure intra-group and inter-group difference. Cohen’s d test and Partial Eta Squared were computed for effect size- caused by the intervention. Hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Finding revealed that both interactive approaches had significant effect on deep structure and they could be proposed as signature pedagogy for “Teaching of English”, as it has potential to equip novice teachers with professional knowledge of EFL teacher. It is suggested that educators have to replace lecture method with interactive approach for Teaching of English to equip novice teachers with professional knowledge of EFL teacher.
Keywords: Surface Structure, Signature Pedagogy, Interactive Approach, Communicative Language Teaching.
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GHAZALA BAHADUR, ZARINA AKHTAR and SAMINA YASMEEN MALIK | 321-331 | Download(616) |
| 28 | Educational Barrier and Its Effects on Afghan Refugee Children in Quetta, Balochistan
Refugees are the most vulnerable people living in different parts of the world. Wars and conflicts left hundreds of thousands of people at the risk of migration and displacement. Similarly, Afghan refugees also migrated in the search of better life to different countries of the world including Pakistan. Pakistan is the first largest refugee hosting country in terms of Afghan refugees and second largest country in hosting overall refugee in the country. 1.4 million Afghan refugees live on POR card, whereas, more than I million Afghan citizens live without documents in Pakistan. This makes the situation and quality of lives at the risk of vulnerabilities and exploitation. The current study argues that Afghan refugees living in Pakistan face several barriers in getting education. A large number of the Afghan refugee children are outside of the schools and fail to have enrollment in schools due to socio-economic situation of the refugees. Therefore, this study focuses on the educational barriers of the Afghan refugee children in Balochistan and its effects on them. The study designs include quantitative nature. The data is randomly collected from 400 Afghan refugee children residing in the nine different areas of Quetta District of Balochistan. The data were statically analyzed through SPSS. The study finds that Afghan refugee children faced several barriers in getting education such as uncertainty among the refugees on their vague status in terms of citizenship, lack of the schools for refugees and documents related issues, lack of the familial interest in the enrollment of the children in schools influenced the overall life pattern of refugee children in getting education. Therefore, specific refugee quota based on their proportion is required to be introduced at every school of the refugee hosting districts in Balochistan to overcome the education barriers for refugee children.
Keywords: Afghan, Barriers, Education, Children, Refugee.
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HAKEEM ULLAH and AIJAZ ALI WASSAN | 332-341 | Download(634) |
| 29 | Expectations from Teachers in Multicultural Classrooms: A Meta- Analysis of Research
Multicultural classrooms demand high profile skills, expertise and potentials from teachers to cater the needs of all students. This study was conducted to explore enriched information about multicultural classrooms and expectations from teachers in multicultural classrooms of higher education level. Furthermore, study aimed at exploring current status of training programs to train teachers for multicultural classrooms. Meta-analysis, method that has been used in this study analyzes and aggregates the results of previously conducted independent studies in the area of multicultural classrooms. First of all area of interest was selected and objectives were formulated. Then articles related to that area were explored and after thorough review of all selected articles some of the articles were excluded from target list due to their diverse area. Themes were generated on the basis of objectives to extract relevant data from articles and results were organized in chronological order. Findings of this study revealed that quality of training programs may be improved for guiding teachers to get information about students’ background and to promote respect and appreciation for diverse religions, cultures and races in order to ensure effective teaching in multicultural classrooms.
Keywords: Multicultural, Classroom, Expectations, Teacher Training.
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FATIMA BATOOL, FATIMA MAQSOOD, SAMINA MALIK and N. B. JUMANI | 342-352 | Download(557) |
| 30 | Learning Empowerment Beyond Learning: Through Concept Mapping Intervention in Teaching
The research was designed to examine the effect of concept mapping teaching strategy on students’ Learning empowerment in subject of educational research. The role of research is admitted worldwide as it informs actions. Sound research have direct implementations for the development of the country. Special attention is needed at the learning stage of research for conducting actual research in the field. For improving the quality of research, conceptual understanding of the research is paramount. Students need to have a strong grip on the subject. It largely depends on the way teachers deal with the teaching of research. Concept mapping is considered as the teaching strategy that engages learners in the construction of knowledge based on existing schemas in mind. Concept mapping making meaningful relations by representing knowledge, graphically. It creates systematic connections among the concepts. Research studies show its positive effect on learning and academic performance. The effectiveness of concept mapping has been proved in science subjects. As research is a purely scientific study, therefore, concept mapping may be an effective teaching tool towards the teaching of research. Several studies have been conducted to know the effectiveness of concept mapping in the teaching and learning process. The sample has been taken from the school level. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of concept mapping on learning empowerment of the prospective teachers. Learning empowerment is a newly emerged area in education. It is the status of gaining power and control over learning and the process of learning. Secondly, the study was aimed to know the retention of the learning empowerment as the result of intervention through concept mapping. Prospective teachers of BS programs were the target population of the study. The study was experimental in nature. Equivalent time-series experimental design was used. Class of prospective teachers in educational research was comprised of the subjects for intervention. Subjects were exposed to the treatment for one semester. Learning empowerment scale was adopted for the collection of data i.e. Learning Empowerment Scale (LES) developed by Frymier & Shulman in 1996. LES was administered four times to complete the
Equilvant Time Series. As LES was administered four times, so four forms were devised. Measurements were taking place before, during, end and after the interventions. Two measurements were taken during intervention time. The findings of the study revealed the positive effect of concept mapping on students’ learning empowerment. It was recommended to use concept mapping strategy for gaining empowerment in learning process.
Keywords: Concept Mapping, Learning Empowerment, Research, Retention.
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SADIA NAZ, MUNAZZA MAHMOOD and SHAMSA AZIZ | 353-360 | Download(588) |
| 31 | Voices from the Margins: Perceptions and Attitudes towards Afghan Refugee Women in Balochistan, Pakistan
This study examines the perceptions and attitudes towards Afghan refugee women in Balochistan, Pakistan, specifically focusing on Saranan and Surkhab refugee villages in District Pishin. The research aims to explore the factors contributing to the negative perception of the host community towards these women and the challenges they face regarding gender discrimination, power dynamics, social stigma, isolation, lack of resilience, and empowerment. Additionally, the study investigates the extent of community support, social networking, and integration experienced by these Afghan refugee women. The research includes 18 participants who are Afghan widows heading their households. Through qualitative data collection methods such as interviews and observations, the study reveals the prevailing negative perceptions of the host community towards these women. The participants reported experiencing gender discrimination, victimization of power dynamics, social stigmatization, isolation, and discrimination based on their refugee status. They also lack resilience and empowerment due to limited access to resources and opportunities. Furthermore, the findings indicate that community support and social integration need to be improved for Afghan refugee women. They need help in establishing social networks and forming connections within the host community, leading to marginalization and a lack of access to support systems. The study highlights the urgent need to address these issues and improve the perceptions and attitudes towards Afghan refugee women.
Keywords: Afghan Refugee, Women, Gender, Perception, Attitude, Balochistan.
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MUHAMMAD MAKKI KAKAR, HAKEEM ULLAH and SYED ABDUL SALAM | 361-369 | Download(586) |
| 32 | The Lost Spirit of Dance in Walled Streets of Heera Mandi, Lahore: An Artistic Evaluation
This research aims to explore the dark life of Heera Mandi Lahore, Pakistan. The area has a rich cultural and social history and has been the subject of many literacy and artistic works. The district has been associated with social stigmas and negative stereotypes. This research paper explores the socioeconomic, cultural and political aspects of Heera Mandi and shed light on the lives of the sex workers who work and live in the area. The paper draws on ethnographic research conducted with the key stakeholders, including sex workers, community leaders, and policymakers. The findings of the study highlight the challenges faced by the sex workers in Heera Mandi, including discrimination, violence, and lack of access to basic services. The study also identifies some of the initiatives and interventions that have been implemented to improve the lives of the sex workers in the area, including vocational training programs and healthcare services. However in Pakistan prostitution is illegal and is considered a taboo, Whereas Heera Mandi presents a complex and nuanced social reality, and that a more comprehensive understanding of the area is needed to effectively address the challenges faced by its residents.
Keywords: Heera Mandi, Sex workers, Challenges, Social, Cultural, Political, History, Prostitutes.
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ROHAIL RAHAT, TEHMINA AFZAL, YOUSRA SALEEM and BUSHRA EMAN SHAHBAZ | 370-377 | Download(2041) |
| 33 | Aesthetic Qualities in Ancient Civilization’s Art: An exploration of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappan Art
The ancient civilizations of Mohenjo Daro and Harappa left behind a rich legacy of art, which has been studied and admired by art historians and enthusiasts for many years. This article explores the aesthetic qualities of Mohenjo Daro and Harappan art, focusing on the abstract forms and geometrical motifs that are characteristic of this art form. The article begins by providing a brief historical overview of the Indus Valley Civilization and its art. It then delves into the aesthetic qualities of Mohenjo Daro and Harappan art, examining the use of geometrical shapes and patterns, as well as the stylized representation of human and animal figures. The article also discusses the role of writing in Mohenjo Daro and Harappan art, highlighting the unique features of the Indus Valley script and its use in pottery and seals. Furthermore, the research examines the cultural and religious significance of Mohenjo Daro and Harappan art, exploring how it reflects the beliefs and values of the civilization that created it.
Keywords: Aesthetic, Art, Civilization, Expression, Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro.
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ROHAIL RAHAT, YOUSRA SALEEM, TEHMINA AFZAL and HURMA YOUSAF | 378-387 | Download(991) |
| 34 | Legal Basis for Intellectual Property under Islamic Law
Intellectual Property has been a type of property from remote past. It has had its moral and traditional standing in primitive society in one way or another. However, the word Intellectual Property has begun to be used in nineteen centuries. It is because Intellectual property has been one of the emerging properties in the world in this day and age. Covid-19 and Post Covid era has added more value and importance to Intellectual Property. It has widened its scope because of the stoppage of physical activities and the emergence of many online educational institutions and online businesses. Today, the scope of Intellectual property is much wider than the past. This research paper aims to throw light on Intellectual Property under Islamic law. After introductory part, it explains the status of Intellectual Property in pre-Islamic era. It discusses the opinion of jurists related to Intellectual Property. The paper discuses many inferences from primary as well as secondary sources of Islamic law relating to Intellectual Property. At last, some pre- requisites for Intellectual Property is discussed which is followed by conclusion of the paper. After studying this paper, a reader will be able to find out the real status of
Intellectual property under Islamic Law.
Keywords: Intellectual Property, Fatwa, Trade Mark, Innovation, Copyrights, Patent.
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MOHAMMAD ZAMIN, MEHNAZ BEGUM, MUHAMMAD JAN, RAFIA NAZ ALI and MARYAM QASIM | 388-398 | Download(921) |
| 35 | Teaching Approaches in Legal Education and other Social Sciences: A Comparative Analysis
This paper explores the various teaching approaches used in legal education and social sciences, highlighting the similarities and differences between them. Case-based teaching is an effective method of instruction in both legal education and social sciences, allowing students to analyze real-world scenarios and develop problem-solving skills. Simulation-based teaching is also beneficial in both fields, providing students with hands-on experience and practical skills. Lecture-based teaching is commonly used in both legal education and social sciences, but its effectiveness varies depending on the subject matter and the students' learning styles. Discussion-based teaching is effective in promoting critical thinking and fostering collaboration among students. Practical training is essential in both fields, providing students with real-world experience and preparing them for future careers. Critical thinking and analytical skills are essential in legal education and social sciences, helping students to analyze complex issues and develop effective solutions. Experiential learning is a valuable teaching method that allows students to apply theoretical concepts to practical situations. Finally, interdisciplinary approaches are becoming increasingly important in both legal education and social sciences, providing students with a broader understanding of complex issues and preparing them for collaboration across disciplines.
Keywords: Teaching Approaches, Legal Education, Social Sciences.
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SHAISTA NAZNIN, SOBIA BASHIR and FAISAL SHEHZAD KHAN | 399-409 | Download(568) |
| 36 | The Impact of Divorce on Children: An Analysis of Historical, Legal, and Sociocultural Factors
This research article comprehensively analyzes divorce and its impact on children. The article begins with a definition of divorce and a historical background of divorce, followed by an examination of the Islamic point of view regarding divorce and the laws governing divorce in Pakistan under Sunni and Shia law. The article then explores the different forms of divorce, including Talak Absan, Talak Hasan, and Talak-Ul-Bidat. Furthermore, the article delves into the causes of divorce, including mobility, age, social values, material culture, children, women's position in society, romantic love, and religion. The impact of divorce on children is then discussed in detail, including social, educational, economic, behavioural, and psychological impacts. The article also covers the concept of socialization and its agents. The findings of this research article suggest that divorce has significant and long-lasting consequences on children, and various factors play a role in divorce. The article concludes with recommendations for policymakers, parents, and educators to mitigate the negative impact of divorce on children and promote healthy socialization.
Keywords: Divorce, Children, Impact, Socialization, Islamic Law.
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MUHAMMAD AHSAN WASEEM, ANUM SHAHID, SHUMAIN MALIK and NAZAR HUSSAIN | 410-423 | Download(846) |
| 37 | A Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption in Pakistan and Other Specific Countries: With Special Reference to Curb Corruption in the Judiciary
Corruption may be referred as the misuse of power and authority. There is no specific parameter to measure corruption, but we can examine it through various societal impacts. Although corruption can be of different kinds, yet this paper’s exclusive focus is on bribery. An international convention named the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) was rectified by Pakistan in August 2007. This first-ever agreement binds member states equally to implement the entire legal framework to tackle corruption. In technical terms the UNCAC is assisted by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). UNODC is the guardian of UNCAC in its implementation review process in its global head office. Both UNODC and UNDP signed an agreement to work together in the domains of anti-corruption and criminal justice reforms.
Keywords: Corruption, Judiciary, Criminal Justice Reforms, UNCAC .
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SAIFULLAH MUHIB, MARYAM QASIM and KIRAN NISAR | 424-433 | Download(620) |
| 38 | Impact of Organization Ambidexterity on Organization Performance and the Mediating Effect of Organizational Learning Capacity: A Study of Software Industry in Peshawar
The competence of an organization to execute not only incremental quality enhancements to the current processes and products but also pioneering or radical improvements that explore new opportunities is referred as ambidexterity. Further the activity of exploring and exploiting things concurrently is termed as ambidexterity. Past studies indicated that balancing both exploration and exploitation brings longterm organizational success. According to the literature and past researches organization learning capacity (OLC) affects both organization ambidexterity (OA) and organization performance (OP). The OLC plays the role of mediator and strengthen the relationship of OA and OP. This study is conducted to examine these variables and to check their relation in the context of Peshawar and in software industry. The data was collected from 4 of the software houses of Peshawar and their result was analysed on SPSS. Through regression analysis the obtained results showed that OA has significant impact on OP, while OLC assist to explicate the outcome of ambidexterity on increasing organization’s efficiency and its performance.
Keywords: Organizations, Performance, Effect, Learning, Software, Peshawar.
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ZUNNOORAIN KHAN and KINZA GUL | 434-458 | Download(618) |
| 39 | Privacy Laws in Pakistan: Assessing Challenges in the Digital Era
With the rapid advancement of technology and the proliferation of digital platforms, the need for robust privacy laws has become increasingly apparent. This research article aims to analyse the state of privacy laws in Pakistan and assess the challenges posed by the digital era. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of existing privacy regulations, evaluates their effectiveness, and highlights the emerging issues in the realm of digital privacy. By examining legal frameworks, international standards, and practical challenges, this article offers insights into potential solutions and recommendations to enhance privacy protection in Pakistan's digital landscape. The qualitative research methodology has been applied on following article.
Keywords: Privacy laws, Pakistan, Digital Era, Data Protection, Privacy Challenges, GDPR, CCPA.
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SYEDA MINA FAISAL, MAHIR AHMED QURESHI and NAZAR HUSSAIN | 459-469 | Download(1158) |
| 40 | Gender Equality under Pakistani Law: Progress and Persisting Challenges
Gender equality remains a critical global concern, with legal frameworks serving as fundamental instruments for achieving parity between sexes. This research article explores the progress and persisting challenges in the context of gender equality under Pakistani law. While significant advancements have been made, a myriad of legal, cultural, and social factors continue to impede the full realization of gender equality. This article analyzes key legislative developments, highlights success stories, and identifies persisting gaps and challenges within the Pakistani legal system. Through a comprehensive examination of laws, policies, and their implementation, this research aims to provide insights into the multifaceted nature of gender equality in Pakistan.
Keywords: Gender Equality, Pakistani Law, Progress and Persisting Challenges.
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ANDLEEB ANWAR, MUHAMMAD ATIF NAZIR and SANIA ISLAM | 470-479 | Download(574) |
| 41 | Afghan Refugees in Pakistan: Navigating the Legal and Humanitarian Challenges
Over several decades, Pakistan has hosted a substantial population of Afghan refugees, instigating a myriad of legal and humanitarian challenges that traverse diverse aspects of society and governance. This research paper delves into the multifaceted difficulties encountered by Afghan refugees and the Pakistani government, elucidating both the legal frameworks that govern refugee status and rights in Pakistan and the humanitarian crises emanating from mass displacement. Utilizing a comprehensive approach, this study encompasses an analysis of Pakistan’s legal apparatus pertaining to refugees, particularly the Afghan cohort, and scrutinizes the on-the-ground humanitarian challenges, including access to basic necessities, healthcare, education, and employment. Through a blend of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, the paper amalgamates data from legal documents, governmental and non-governmental reports, and primary data from interviews and surveys conducted within refugee communities. Additionally, the research juxtaposes the lived experiences of refugees with the stipulated legal and policy frameworks, revealing disparities and unmet needs that permeate their existence in Pakistan. An exploration of international refugee and human rights law further provides a comparative lens through which Pakistan’s efforts and shortcomings are critically analyzed. The paper culminates in a set of policy recommendations aimed at ameliorating the legal and humanitarian status quo for Afghan refugees in Pakistan, advocating for reforms that resonate with human rights principles, pragmatic governance, and collaborative international efforts. This study not only contributes to the academic discourse on refugees and human rights but also propounds practical insights for policymakers, humanitarian organizations, and legal practitioners navigating the complexities of refugee management and protection.
Keywords: Afghan Refugees, Human Rights, Legal Challenges, Humanitarian Challenges, Refugee Law, Pakistan, Policy Recommendations.
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SAID ALI, MUHAMMAD HAMZA ZAKIR, IMAD IMRAN and SYED HAMMAD KHAN | 480-495 | Download(548) |
| 42 | Digital Renaissance: Navigating the Intersection of the Digital Economy and WTO in the 21st Century Global Trade Landscape
This research article explores the dynamic intersection between the digital economy and the World Trade Organization (WTO). As the global economy undergoes a profound transformation driven by digital technologies, the WTO faces the challenge of adapting its frameworks to accommodate the complexities of the digital era. This paper examines the impact of the digital economy on international trade, identifies challenges posed by the digitalization of commerce, and assesses the role of the WTO in shaping the regulatory landscape for digital trade.
Keywords: Digital Economy, World Trade Organization (WTO), International Trade, E-commerce, Regulatory Challenges.
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MUHAMMAD IMRAN KHAN, MUHAMMAD USMAN, SIDRA KANWEL and ASIF KHAN | 496-505 | Download(537) |
| 43 | The Contribution of Sustainable Development to Eradicating Poverty in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Nigeria
Through sustainable development, Nigeria may address poverty through promoting economic growth, social justice and environmental responsibilities. Nigeria is a developing nation with a variety of issues that sustainable development might help with. Nigeria’s economy is unstable due to its substantial reliance on oil. By making investments in industries like manufacturing, renewable energy and agriculture, sustainable development promotes diversification. Sustainable development sets a high priority on policies that are equitable that guaranteed marginalized people’s access to fundamental necessities including healthcare, education and employment. In Nigeria, enhancing healthcare facilities and funding education, especially in rural areas, can empower people and lower the country’s poverty rates. Poverty has drawn attention from all throughout the world. The UN established Millennium Development Goals in an attempt to find a solution, however some developing countries even Nigeria did not reach the objectives. Nigeria can make significant progress towards ending poverty while ensuring long term economic stability and social progress for its people by putting into practical strategies regarding sustainable development include promoting business investing in renewable energy projects and expanding access to healthcare and education.
Keywords: Poverty, Sustainability, Development, Case Study, Nigeria.
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IFRAH KHAN, HIDAYAT UR REHMAN and ILYAS KHAN | 506-512 | Download(548) |
| 44 | Environmental Jurisprudence in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Analysis of National Laws, Judicial Role, and Legislative Instruments Impacting Air Quality and Public Health
This research article delves into the intricate landscape of environmental jurisprudence in Pakistan, with a particular focus on air quality regulations. Beginning with an exploration of the national scenario, the study meticulously examines the Environmental Jurisprudence of Pakistan, shedding light on pivotal aspects such as National Environmental Quality Standards, Air Quality Index, and the consequential impact on life expectancy. A critical analysis of legislative instruments, including the role of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency and the Environmental Protection Ordinance, is presented, evaluating their effectiveness in addressing atmospheric pollution. Furthermore, the research scrutinizes the aftermath of the eighteenth Constitutional Amendment on the efficacy of environmental laws. To provide a comparative perspective, the article extends its investigation to environmental laws in India, discussing notable case laws and legislative acts. The juxtaposition aims to discern valuable insights and lessons that could inform and enhance the environmental legal framework in Pakistan. Through this comprehensive examination, the article aims to contribute to the discourse on environmental law, policy, and public health in the South Asian context.
Keywords: Air Quality Regulations, Environmental Jurisprudence, Judicial Role in Environmental Protection, Pakistan Environmental Laws.
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SOHAIL AMJAD, MUHAMMAD USMAN and ASIF KHAN | 513-521 | Download(736) |
| 45 | Blasphemy Laws and Their Implications for Freedom of Religion or Belief
Blasphemy laws, entrenched in various legal systems globally, pose a complex challenge to the fundamental human right of freedom of religion or belief. This article presents a comprehensive examination of the multifaceted implications of blasphemy laws on individual liberties. Delving into historical origins, legal intricacies, and contemporary global perspectives, it scrutinizes the interplay between these laws and the freedom to express religious beliefs or dissenting opinions. Through case studies and a comparative analysis of legal frameworks, this article explores the complexities, inconsistencies, and ethical dilemmas inherent in balancing the protection of religious sentiments with the preservation of freedom of expression. Highlighting the repercussions of blasphemy laws on religious minorities and dissenters, it underscores the critical human rights and ethical considerations necessitating a nuanced approach for reform or abolition. By assessing the challenges and proposing strategies for reconciling conflicting rights and values within diverse societies, this article advocates for a balanced approach that upholds both fundamental human rights and cultural sensitivities.
Keywords: Blasphemy Laws, Freedom of Religion, Freedom of Expression, Human Rights, Legal Implications.
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MUHAMMAD IMRAN KHAN, NAGINA RIAZ and MUHAMMAD USMAN | 522-529 | Download(557) |
| 46 | Blasphemy Laws and Human Rights: An Analysis in the Context of International Law
This article examines the intersection between blasphemy laws and human rights within the framework of international law. Blasphemy laws, often rooted in religious or cultural norms, have been a source of controversy due to their potential infringement on fundamental human rights, including freedom of expression and religion. This article critically analyzes the impact of blasphemy laws on individual liberties, explores various international legal instruments that safeguard human rights, and discusses the ongoing debates surrounding the balance between the right to freedom of expression and the protection of religious sentiments.
Keywords: Blasphemy Laws, Freedom of Expression, Freedom of Religion, Human Rights, International Law.
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MUHAMMAD IMRAN KHAN, SIDRA KANWEL, NAGINA RIAZ and NAZIA AYUB | 530-535 | Download(532) |
| 47 | The Influence of Resonant Leadership on Employee Engagement: Exploring the Mediating Role of Employees Psychological Safety
The present study investigates the influence of resonant leadership on employee engagement, considering the mediating role of psychological safety. Leaders high in emotional intelligence or in resonance can establish positive relationships that have been theorized to engage employee efforts most strongly. However, little is known so far about the specific influences of this. Drawing on a sample of 250 employees in various industries, this research uses structural equation modeling to test direct and indirect effects of resonant leadership on engagement. The findings suggest that resonant leadership has direct and indirect influences on employee engagement. This research identifies one such critical mediator: psychological safety. According to these findings, resonant leaders ensure a work environment in which an employee's feelings are safe toward taking risks and expressing themselves without the fear of being viewed negatively. This study deepens the literature on the specification of how resonant leadership influences engagement through the raising of psychological safety and provides practical implications for leadership development and organizational practices aimed at maximizing employee engagement.
Keywords: Resonant Leadership, Employee, Engagement Safety.
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MUHAMMAD ATIQ RAFIQUE KHATTAK, MOHAMMAD DAUD ALI and SHAHZAD KHAN | 536-553 | Download(709) |
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